The introduction of stringent environmental regulations in the maritime industry, such as the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) and the Energy Efficiency Existing Ship Index (EEXI), can inadvertently introduce new cybersecurity risks in operational technology (OT) systems. Here are some key points to consider:

Integration of New Systems

When vessels adopt advanced technologies to comply with these regulations, the integration of new systems with existing OT may create vulnerabilities. This is because the new systems may not have been designed with the same level of cybersecurity considerations as the legacy systems.

Legacy Systems

Many maritime companies still rely on legacy OT systems that may lack the robust security features found in more modern systems. These older systems may be more susceptible to cyber threats if not properly protected.

Increased Connectivity

The drive for greater efficiency and sustainability often leads to increased connectivity between vessels and external networks. While this can offer operational advantages, it also increases the attack surface and the potential for cyber threats.

To address these challenges, maritime companies should take the following actions:

Comprehensive
Cybersecurity Measures

Implement comprehensive cybersecurity measures that include not only traditional IT systems but also the OT systems used in maritime operations.

Robust Access
Controls

Strengthen access controls to limit unauthorized access to critical systems. This can include multi-factor authentication, role-based access controls, and regular access audits.

System
Upgrades

Consider upgrading legacy OT systems to modern, more secure platforms with the latest security features and patches.

Vendor
Vetting

Carefully vet and evaluate technology vendors to ensure that their products meet cybersecurity standards. This should be a key consideration when adopting new technologies for compliance with environmental regulations.

Employee
Training

Train maritime personnel to recognize and respond to cybersecurity threats. Human error is a common factor in cyber incidents, and education can mitigate this risk.

Incident
Response Plan

Develop and test an incident response plan to address potential cybersecurity breaches. This plan should include procedures for containing, mitigating, and recovering from cyber incidents.

Regulatory
Compliance

Ensure that cybersecurity measures align with any relevant regulatory requirements in the maritime industry.

While environmental regulations in the maritime industry are essential for sustainability, they should be accompanied by a strong focus on cybersecurity to protect critical systems and operations. A proactive approach to cybersecurity will help maritime companies navigate these challenges successfully and safeguard their operations.

Regulation

  • 2015
    • Cyber Strategic
  • 2016
    • The Guidelines On Cyber Security Onboard Ships Version 1
    • E22 On Board Use and Application of Computer based systems
    • E22 On Board Use and Application of Computer based systems
  • 2017
    • The Guidelines On Cyber Security Onboard Ships Version 2
  • 2018
    • The Guidelines On Cyber Security Onboard Ships Version 3
  • 2019
  • 2020
    • The Guidelines On Cyber Security Onboard Ships Version 4
    • Implementation Guide for Cyber Security on Vessels v1.0
    • No.166 Recommendation on Cyber Resilience
  • 2021
    • MSC.428(98) – Maritime cyber risk management in safety management systems
    • MSC-FAL.1/Circ.3 – Guidelines on maritime cyber risk management
    • Cyber Strategic Outlook
  • 2022
    • E26 Cyber resilience of ships
    • E27 Cyber resilience of on-board systems and equipment
    • 2021 Cyber Trends Insights Marine Environment Report

Autonomous Vessels

  • 2020
    • Remotely operated local vessel:
      reduced crew with remote support and operation of certain functions
  • 2025
    • Remote controlled unmanned
      costal vessel
  • 2030
    • Remote controlled unmanned
      oceangoing ship
  • 2035
    • Autonomous unmanned
      oceangoing ship
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